This paper explores soaking of silicon wafers in slurries of four different temperatures and five different volume concentrations for 60 minutes, and then uses the probe of atomic force microscope (AFM) to apply a tiny downward force to form cutting depths inside the chemical reaction layers of silicon wafers so as to perform straight-line nanocutting. By substituting the obtained results in the specific downward force (SDFCreaction) equation, the paper obtains the respec tive (SDFCreaction) va...

The aim of this study is to compare the pedaling performances of a 32-tooth circular sprocket and four bi-ellipse sprockets with an increasing number of teeth (ranging from 33 to 36 teeth), where the maximum radius of the bi-ellipse sprocket is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the left crank. This comparison is conducted by evaluating both mechanical and physiological parameters. Nine recreational cyclists, with right-leg dominance and a minimum of one hour daily cycling over two years, partic...

A numerical manner is expanded to calculate transient film thicknesses, pressures, and normal squeeze velocities during transient squeeze process in an isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) spherical conjunction using micro-polar (MP) lubricants with porous medium layer (PML) for fixed loading. The transient modified Reynolds equation is obtained using Darcy’s law and Eringen’s micro-polar rheology according to cylinder coordinates. The coupled transient modified Reynolds, lubricant rh...

To ensure fast and accurate angle tracking during car steering, reduce delay time, and improve the tracking performance of the Steer-by-Wire (SBW) system, a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller with feedforward compensation is designed. The PID controller is approximated using the Oustaloup approximation method, reducing the tuning dimension of FOPID. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to dynamically adjust the four parameters of FOPID, thereby decreasing the ...

As the need for efficient heat extraction grows with decreasing extraction areas, enhancing heat transfer device performance is crucial. Porous structures in thermal devices like heat pipes and vapor chambers can significantly improve heat transfer. Permeability, vital in fluid dynamics, affects fluid flow in porous materials, such as lattice structures. This study uses numerical analysis to assess the permeability of lattice structures, created using nTopology and analyzed with ANSYS Fluent sof...

This study presents groundbreaking insights into the tribological performance enhancement of lithium soap-based greases through the novel use of Ultra Dispersed nano-Diamonds (UDD). Uniquely, we explore the synergistic effects of Oleylamine (OLA) as a dispersant and different particle sizes of UDD, a methodology not extensively investigated in prior research. Our comprehensive four-ball tests reveal that a 100 ppm concentration of UDD with OLA significantly lowers the grease temperature and redu...

This study investigates the photoactive potential of bio-activated rice husk ash (RHA) as a semiconductor using analytical methods for CuO and SiO2 extraction prediction. The study focuses on the enhancement of photoactive characteristics in RHA through bioactivation, utilizing pineapple peel juice as a natural activator. Analytical method based on UV-Vis spectroscopy peak frequency of RHA, sunked (SCNM), and floated (FCNM) products were utilized to determine CuO and SiO2 extraction potential. W...

Scalmalloy is an aluminium alloy developed for the additive manufacturing process of Selective Laser Melting. Size limitations often occurring in additive manufacturing due to chamber sizes can be overcome by welding parts together and to existing structures. In this paper, the feasibility of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of Scalmalloy and welding Scalmalloy to extruded aluminium alloys using standard aluminium alloy GTAW parameters were demonstrated, and their resulting microstructures and me...

Vat photopolymerization (VP) technology is one of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, utilizes the light with proper wavelength to expose the photocurable resin inducing solidifica-tion by photopolymerization reaction. The existing AM machines face limitations in achieving mass pro-duction as they are designed for single-product output. This study proposes an innovative VP-based approach incorporating a liquid crystal display (LCD) to gener-ate digital dental model slices...

The experiment was able to produce an application of additive manufacturing to harvest energy. The way to harvest energy uses the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) method. The manufacturing process uses the Additive Manufacturing Fused Deposition Modeling (AM FDM) method. In this experiment, the length of the VIV apparatus was varied. From research it was found that, the longer the apparatus, the smaller the voltage produced. At the same time, the resulting vortex shedding frequency is also getting...