Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is crucial for modifying semiconductor surface morphol¬ogy, especially in fabricating extremely high aspect ratio structures for silicon. This study combines phase-field modeling and experiments to explore MACE mechanisms. Numerical simulations show that metal catalyst characteristics, especially particle size, signif¬icantly affect surface evolution. Larger particles create deeper cavities and rougher surfaces while maintain¬ing etching rates. Particle dis...

This study investigates a new composite cutting fluid comprising strong alkaline ionized water (SAIW), polyethylene glycol (PEG4000), and Ketjenlube (KL-445). Traditional cutting fluids (TCFs) pose health risks due to microbial contamina-tion. SAIW, with its high pH and antibacterial proper¬ties, presents a safer alternative. Our research shows that combining SAIW, PEG4000, and KL-445 in specific proportions can significantly reduce the average friction coefficient by 29% and wear rate by 61% co...

Precision and efficiency are essential in modern manufacturing, yet motorcycle camshaft production still faces labor shortages and inconsistent manual machining challenges. In this study, an AI-driven intelligent grinding automation system was developed to enhance machining accuracy and productivity. The system integrated real-time monitoring, data acquisition, and adaptive parameter control to replace manual adjustments. Key machining parameters were optimized using the Taguchi method and polyn...

Wind energy is becoming increasingly popular as a clean and environmentally friendly form of renewable energy. As a result, wind turbines are being used more as a primary power source. With this, failure analysis on wind turbines is becoming necessary for large-scale wind turbines. In this study, the reliability of wind turbines is analyzed using SCADA data. To diagnose any faults in the wind turbines, the alarm data of each turbine was assessed. This allowed for a reliability analysis to determ...

A corresponding multi-objective mathematical model has been established to address the issue of low production capacity in the mixed-model assembly line of a certain automobile company for trucks. The problems of slow convergence speed and easy entrapment in local optimal solutions of the standard genetic algorithm are addressed by improving the genetic algorithm. Selecting examples from the literature to test the performance of the improved genetic algorithm had been done, and Matlab had been u...

A thermal elastoplastic fractal contact stiffness model is presented to investigate the impact of temperature on interface stiffness characteristics and combined rotor vibration. The normal total load and contact stiffness of the asperities and the bolt are derived under temperature conditions, using fractal geometry theory. A thermal elastoplastic rotor dynamic model, which considers surface contact, is proposed by utilizing the Lagrange equation and the equivalent spring energy change between ...

This study optimized therapeutic parameters for adhesive capsulitis (AC) using a hybrid method integrating medium-frequency electrical stimulation (MFES) and far-infrared rays (FIR). The Taguchi design analyzed three factors—FIR intensity, MFES mode, and treatment sequence—across nine parameter sets, evaluated by VAS, QD, RMS, and iEMG. Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization identified the optimal combination as FIR at medium–low intensity, MFES 6/6 square-wave mode, with FIR applied before MFES, a...

This paper introduces a novel, compact pneumatic actuator capable of executing both rotary and linear motions to enhance work efficiency. Considering the strong nonlinearities inherent in the valve-controlled pneumatic cylinder system and the valve-controlled pneumatic motor system, we employ an extended state observer-based sliding mode control method for the high-precision control of the composite motion pneumatic actuator. The sliding mode control is adopted for its rapid response and good ro...

This study investigates the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructural and mechanical properties of IS2062E350C mild steel welded using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process for pressure vessel applications. Welded joints were fabricated using ER70S6 filler wire, followed by PWHT at 600 °C for one hour. Comparative analysis was performed between as-welded and PWHT-treated samples through tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, Vickers microhardness measurement, and d...

A single-cylinder magnetorheological damper was designed in this paper, and a single-cylinder mag¬netorheological damper damping force calculation method was proposed for the study of the damping characteristics of magnetorheological damper. Firstly, the damping force model of the single-cylinder mag¬netorheological damper was established; secondly, the magnetic domain model of the single-cylinder magne¬torheological damper was established, and the mag¬netic field distribution was obtained by us...